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<title>HTML Application</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HTML Application</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Microsoft's proprietary HTA implementation. For information regarding the HTML5 Cache Manifest, also referred to as offline HTML applications, see <a href="Cache_manifest_in_HTML5" title="Cache manifest in HTML5">Cache manifest in HTML5</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">HTML Application (HTA)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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<span class="monospaced">.hta</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div class="monospaced">

application/hta</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="File_format#Magic_number" title="File format">Magic number</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><span class="monospaced">%hta</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/ms536471(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN">learn<wbr>.microsoft<wbr>.com<wbr>/en-us<wbr>/previous-versions<wbr>/ms536471(v=vs<wbr>.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>An <b>HTML Application</b> (<b>HTA</b>) is a <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> program whose source code consists of <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">Dynamic HTML</a>, and one or more scripting languages supported by <a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, such as <a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a> or <a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a>. The HTML is used to generate the user interface, and the scripting language is used for the program logic. An HTA executes without the constraints of the web browser security model; in fact, it executes as a "fully trusted" application.

</p><p>The usual file extension of an HTA is <code>.hta</code>.

</p><p>The ability to execute HTAs was introduced to Microsoft Windows in 1999, along with the release of <a href="Microsoft_Internet_Explorer_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Internet Explorer 5">Microsoft Internet Explorer 5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 9, 2003, this technology was <a href="Patent" title="Patent">patented</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>HTAs give the developer the features of HTML together with the advantages of scripting languages. They are popular with Microsoft system administrators who use them for system administration from prototypes to "full-scale" applications, especially where flexibility and speed of development are critical.<sup id="cite_ref-msintro_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msintro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Execution">Execution</h3></div>

<p>An HTA is executed using the program <code>mshta.exe</code>, or, alternatively, double-clicking on the file. This program is typically installed along with Internet Explorer. <code>mshta.exe</code> executes the HTA by instantiating the Internet Explorer rendering engine (mshtml) as well as any required language engines (such as vbscript.dll).

</p><p>An HTA is treated like any executable file with extension <a href="EXE" class="mw-redirect" title="EXE"><code>.exe</code></a>. When executed via mshta.exe (or if the file icon is double-clicked), it runs immediately. When executed remotely via the browser, the user is asked once, before the HTA is downloaded, whether or not to save or run the application; if saved, it can simply be run on demand after that.<sup id="cite_ref-msintro_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msintro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>By default, HTAs are rendered as per "standards-mode content in IE7 Standards mode and quirks mode content in IE5 (Quirks) mode", but this can be altered using <code>X-UA-Compatible</code> headers.<sup id="cite_ref-msintro_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msintro-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>HTAs are dependent on the Trident (MSHTML) browser engine, used by <a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, but are not dependent on the Internet Explorer application itself. If a user <a href="Removal_of_Internet_Explorer" title="Removal of Internet Explorer">removes Internet Explorer</a> from Windows, via the Control Panel, the MSHTML engine remains and HTAs continue to work. HTAs continue to work in Windows 11 as well.

</p><p>HTAs are fully supported running in modes equivalent to Internet Explorer versions 5 to 9. Further versions, such as 10 and 11, still support HTAs though with some minor features turned off.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_considerations">Security considerations</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Browser_security" title="Browser security">Browser security</a></div>

<p>When a regular HTML file is executed, the execution is confined to the security model of the <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. This means it is confined to communicating with the server, manipulating the page's <a href="Object_model" title="Object model">object model</a> (usually to validate forms and/or create interesting visual effects) and reading or writing <a href="HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">cookies</a>.

</p><p>On the other hand, an HTA runs as a fully trusted application and therefore has more privileges than a normal HTML file; for example, an HTA can create, edit and remove files and <a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">registry</a> entries. Although HTAs run in this 'trusted' environment, querying <a href="Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a> can be subject to Internet Explorer Zone logic and associated error messages.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<p>To customize the appearance of an HTA, an optional tag <code>hta:application</code> was introduced to the <code>HEAD</code> section. This tag exposes a set of attributes that enable control of border style, the program icon, etc., and provide information such as the argument (command line) used to launch the HTA.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, an HTA has the same format as an HTML page.

</p><p>Any text editor can be used to create an HTA. Editors with special features for developing HTML applications may be obtained from Microsoft<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or from third-party sources.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>An existing HTML file (with file extension <code>.htm</code> or <code>.html</code>, for example) can be changed to an HTA by simply changing the extension to <code>.hta</code>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulnerabilities">Vulnerabilities</h2></div>

<p>HTA have been used to deliver malware.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One particular HTA, named <i><a href="4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>.hta</i> (detected by antiviruses as JS/Chafpin.gen), was widely distributed by the users of the imageboard as a <a href="Steganographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Steganographic">steganographic</a> image in which the user were instructed to download the picture as an HTA file, which when executed, would cause the computer to automatically spam the website (evading 4chan's <a href="CAPTCHA" title="CAPTCHA">CAPTCHA</a> in the process) with alternate variants of itself; it was reported that such attacks were previously delivered in which the user was prompted to save it as a <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">.js</a> file.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2></div>

<p>This is an example of <a href="%22Hello%2C_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">Hello World</a> as an HTML Application.

</p>

<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">HTA:APPLICATION</span> <span class="na">ID</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"HelloExample"</span>

<span class="na">BORDER</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"bold"</span>

<span class="na">BORDERSTYLE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"complex"</span><span class="p">/></span>

<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">TITLE</span><span class="p">></span>HTA - Hello World<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">TITLE</span><span class="p">></span>

<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">H2</span><span class="p">></span>HTA - Hello World<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">H2</span><span class="p">></span>

</pre></div>

<ul><li><a href="Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Cordova" title="Apache Cordova">Apache Cordova</a></li>

<li><a href="Chromium_Embedded_Framework" title="Chromium Embedded Framework">Chromium Embedded Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron (software framework)</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a></li>

<li><a href="React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li>

<li><a href="XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XAML Browser Applications</a> (XBAPs)</li>

<li><a href="XUL" title="XUL">XUL</a> and <a href="XULRunner" title="XULRunner">XULRunner</a> - a language and environment for Mozilla cross-platform applications that resembles the mechanism of HTML Applications.</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/200874"><i>Article ID:200874 in Microsoft Support</i></a>, in Microsoft Support Knowledge Base</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/2100-1012_3-5119072.html">Microsoft wins HTML application patent</a></span>

</li>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536496%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#Compatibility">"Introduction to HTML Applications (HTAs)"</a>. <i>Microsoft MSDN</i>. May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> Sections include Why Use HTAs, Creating an HTA, HTA-Specific Functionality, Security, Compatibility, Deployment</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa360681(v=VS.85).aspx"><i>HTA:APPLICATION Object</i></a>, in MSDN Library, the complete specification of the tag <code>hta:application</code></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=231D8143-F21B-4707-B583-AE7B9152E6D9&displaylang=en"><i>HTA Helpomatic</i></a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.htaedit.com/"><i>HTAEdit, an editor for HTAs with a built-in debugger</i></a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vmray.com/cyber-security-blog/spora-ransomware-dropper-hta-infect-system/">"Spora Ransomware Dropper Uses HTA to Infect System"</a>. <i>VMRay</i>. 2017-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.netwrix.com/2017/06/01/nine-scariest-ransomware-viruses/">"8 Scariest Ransomware Viruses"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFConstantin2010" class="citation web cs1">Constantin, Lucian (2010-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/4chan-Flood-Script-Is-Back-with-New-Social-Engineering-Trick-151603.shtml">"4chan Flood Script Is Back with New Social Engineering Trick"</a>. <i>Softpedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531018.aspx">HTML Component (HTC) Reference at MSDN</a>. An HTC encapsulates specific functionality or behavior within HTAs.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-ca/scriptcenter/default.aspx">The Script Center</a>, The Script Center, home of Hey, Scripting Guy! Blog</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-ca/scriptcenter/dd742317.aspx">Learn About Scripting for HTML Applications (HTAs)</a>, a tutorial site for learning about HTA's</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Explorer253" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Internet_Explorer253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Internet_Explorer_version_history" title="Internet Explorer version history">Versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Internet_Explorer_Mobile" title="Internet Explorer Mobile">Mobile</a></i></li>

<li><a href="IEs4Linux" title="IEs4Linux">IEs4Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Internet_Explorer" title="History of Internet Explorer">History</a></li>

<li><a href="CSS_box_model" title="CSS box model">Box model</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Object (BHO)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Internet_Explorer_extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Internet Explorer extensions">Extensions</a></li>

<li><a href="Removal_of_Internet_Explorer" title="Removal of Internet Explorer">Removal</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Explorer_shell" title="Internet Explorer shell">Shells</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Accelerator_(Internet_Explorer)" title="Accelerator (Internet Explorer)">Accelerator</a></li>

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<ul>

<li><a href="HTML_Components" title="HTML Components">HTML Components</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Favicon" title="Favicon">favicon.ico</a></li>

<li><a href="Index.dat" title="Index.dat">Index.dat</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="MHTML" title="MHTML">MHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_tag_(Microsoft)" title="Smart tag (Microsoft)">Smart tags</a></li>

<li><a href="Temporary_Internet_Files" title="Temporary Internet Files">Temporary Internet Files</a></li>

<li><a href="Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">Vector Markup Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Slice" title="Web Slice">Web Slice</a></li>

<li><a href="XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XHR/XDomainRequest</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software and engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Internet_Explorer_Administration_Kit" title="Internet Explorer Administration Kit">Administration Kit</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Explorer_Developer_Tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_Windows_Authentication" title="Integrated Windows Authentication">Integrated Windows Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Tasman_(browser_engine)" title="Tasman (browser engine)">Tasman</a></li>

<li><a href="Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Channel" title="Active Channel">Active Channel</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Desktop" title="Active Desktop">Active Desktop</a></li>

<li><a href="ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li>

<li><a href="Channel_Definition_Format" title="Channel Definition Format">Channel Definition Format (.cdf)</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Comic_Chat" title="Microsoft Comic Chat">Comic Chat/Chat 2.0</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Media" title="DirectX Media">DirectX Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Internet_Mail_and_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Internet Mail and News">Internet Mail and News</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Java_Virtual_Machine" title="Microsoft Java Virtual Machine">Microsoft Java Virtual Machine (MSJVM)</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Dial-Up_Internet_Access#MSN_Explorer" title="MSN Dial-Up Internet Access">MSN Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Dial-Up_Internet_Access#MSN_2.0" title="MSN Dial-Up Internet Access">MSN Program Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li>

<li><a href="NetShow" title="NetShow">NetShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_gated_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Server gated cryptography">Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyglass%2C_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Windows Address Book</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Desktop_Update" title="Windows Desktop Update">Windows Desktop Update</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Browser_wars#First_Browser_War" title="Browser wars">First Browser War</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_wars#Second_Browser_War" title="Browser wars">Second Browser War</a></li>

<li><a href="Download.ject" title="Download.ject">Download.ject</a></li>

<li><a href="Eolas#Patents" title="Eolas"><i>Eolas v. Microsoft</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Java_Virtual_Machine#Sun_vs._Microsoft" title="Microsoft Java Virtual Machine"><i>Sun v. Microsoft</i></a></li>

<li><i><a href="United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tantek_%C3%87elik" title="Tantek Çelik">Tantek Çelik</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a></li>

<li><a href="Dean_Hachamovitch" title="Dean Hachamovitch">Dean Hachamovitch</a></li>

<li>Scott Isaacs</li>

<li><a href="Inori_Aizawa" title="Inori Aizawa">Inori Aizawa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=HTML_Application&oldid=1266553221">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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